Life Process
1. Why does the small and single celled animals such as amoeba, not require any respiratory pigment?
Ans: The amoeba does not require any respiratory pigment to transport oxygen. The possible reason could be that their body size and number of cells are small. Its oxygen requirement is met by diffusion.
2. Where do the respiratory pigments combine reversible with oxygen?
Ans: Respiratory pigments are coloured proteins capable of combing reversibly with oxygen, hence increasing the amount of oxygen that can be carries by the blood.
3. Why does the air passage not collapse when there is no air in it?
Ans: The air passage, i.e. trachea is supported by incomplete C-shaped cartilaginous rings, which prevent its collapsing in the absence of air.
4. While breathing out, point out the change you think occur in diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Ans: The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax when we breathe out. This compresses the chest cavity forcing the air out of lungs.
5. Why carbon di oxide is mostly transported in dissolved form?
Ans: Carbon di oxide is mostly transported in dissolved form because it is more soluble in water than oxygen.
6. What are the consequences of binding of haemoglobin with carbon mono oxide ?
Ans: Carbon mono oxide binds very strongly with haemoglobin in the blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen to the brain and other parts of the body.
7. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
Ans: The bronchi, within the lungs divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles and finally terminate in balloon-like structure called 'alveoli'. The alveoli are made up of thin moist membranes which are richly supplied with blood and provide a very large surface area for the gaseous exchange.
8. What is the logic behind the heavy breathing as we climb up a mountain?
Ans: When we climb up a mountain, the breathing rate becomes faster. As we continue to climb, we start breathing deeper and heavier, i.e. start gasping. This occurs because increased physical activity or exercise needs more energy.
Thus, to fulfil this need, the rate of respiration increase. however at higher altitudes, lesser oxygen is available. To ensure the oxygen availability, we start breathing faster.
9. Identify the parts correctly matched with description given below.
(i) Small pores present in woody plants for gaseous exchange.
(ii) Respiratory surface in humans
(iii) Respiratory surface of earthworms.
(iv) Primary organ of respiration
(v) Cartilaginous flap
(vi) Contraction and relaxation of these change the thoracic muscles
Ans: (i) Lenticles
(ii) Alveoli
(iii) Skin
(iv) Lungs
(v) Epiglottis
(vi) Intercostal muscles
10. How is food transported in plants?
Ans: The transportation of food is carried by phloem in plants by utilising energy(ATP). The helps in increasing the osmotic pressure of the tissue causing water to move into it.
Thus, the generated pressure allows the movement of materials from phloem to the tissue, which have less pressure.
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