Tuesday, 20 May 2025

Primary & Secondary Batteries



Primary & Secondary Batteries


1. Which of the following is a primary battery?

a) Lead-acid battery

b) Mercury cell

c) Nickel-cadmium battery

d) Fuel cell



2. Primary batteries are

a) Rechargeable

b) Non-rechargeable

c) Used in vehicles

d) Made of lithium only



3. Give one example of a primary battery.



4. Why are secondary batteries also called storage batteries?



5. State one key difference between a primary and a secondary battery.





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Lead Storage Battery


6. What is the electrolyte used in a lead storage battery?

a) HCl

b) NaOH

c) H₂SO₄

d) NH₄OH



7. Write the overall cell reaction for a fully charged lead storage battery.



8. Which electrode acts as the cathode in a lead storage battery during discharge?



9. What happens to the density of H₂SO₄ during the discharge of a lead storage battery?



10. How many volts does a single lead-acid cell produce approximately?

a) 2 V

b) 1.5 V

c) 3.7 V

d) 9 V





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Mercury Cell


11. What is the anode in a mercury cell?

a) Zn-Hg amalgam

b) PbO₂

c) Graphite

d) Ni



12. Why does the mercury cell provide a constant voltage during its lifetime?



13. Mention one major drawback of mercury cells.



14. What is the electrolyte used in a mercury cell?





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Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Battery


15. In a Ni-Cd battery, cadmium acts as:

a) Electrolyte

b) Anode

c) Cathode

d) Separator



16. Write the reaction at the cathode during the discharge of a Ni-Cd battery.



17. State one advantage and one disadvantage of a Ni-Cd battery.





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Fuel Cell


18. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses which gas at the anode?

a) O₂

b) N₂

c) H₂

d) CO₂



19. Write the overall cell reaction for a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.



20. Why are fuel cells considered en

vironmentally friendly?



Answers 


Primary & Secondary Batteries


1. Which of the following is a primary battery?

Answer: b) Mercury cell



2. Primary batteries are

Answer: b) Non-rechargeable



3. Give one example of a primary battery.

Answer: Dry cell (Leclanché cell)



4. Why are secondary batteries also called storage batteries?

Answer: Because they can be recharged by passing an electric current, storing energy for future use.



5. State one key difference between a primary and a secondary battery.

Answer: Primary batteries cannot be recharged, whereas secondary batteries can be recharged and reused.





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Lead Storage Battery


6. What is the electrolyte used in a lead storage battery?

Answer: c) H₂SO₄



7. Write the overall cell reaction for a fully charged lead storage battery.

Answer:

Pb(s) + PbO₂(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq) → 2PbSO₄(s) + 2H₂O(l)



8. Which electrode acts as the cathode in a lead storage battery during discharge?

Answer: Lead dioxide (PbO₂)



9. What happens to the density of H₂SO₄ during the discharge of a lead storage battery?

Answer: It decreases as H₂SO₄ gets consumed to form PbSO₄ and water.



10. How many volts does a single lead-acid cell produce approximately?

Answer: a) 2 V





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Mercury Cell


11. What is the anode in a mercury cell?

Answer: a) Zn-Hg amalgam



12. Why does the mercury cell provide a constant voltage during its lifetime?

Answer: Because the overall reaction does not involve any ions in solution phase, so concentration remains constant.



13. Mention one major drawback of mercury cells.

Answer: Mercury is toxic and poses environmental hazards.



14. What is the electrolyte used in a mercury cell?

Answer: A paste of KOH and ZnO





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Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Battery


15. In a Ni-Cd battery, cadmium acts as:

Answer: b) Anode



16. Write the reaction at the cathode during the discharge of a Ni-Cd battery.

Answer:

2NiO(OH) + 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → 2Ni(OH)₂ + 2OH⁻



17. State one advantage and one disadvantage of a Ni-Cd battery.

Answer:

Advantage: Rechargeable and long life

Disadvantage: Cadmium is toxic and disposal is harmful to the environment





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Fuel Cell


18. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses which gas at the anode?

Answer: c) H₂



19. Write the overall cell reaction for a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.

Answer:

2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l)



20. Why are fuel cells considered environmentally friendly?

Answer: Because they produce only water as a by-product and do not emit harmful gases

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